WILL/SHALL
Thu gọnlà bề ngoài viết tắt của một từ, âm tiết, hoặc đội từ ngơi nghỉ dạng nói hoặc dạng viết , được chế tạo ra bằng cách loại bỏ một vài chữ chiếc (thực chất là một số âm thanh).
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Tiếng Anhcó rất nhiều cáctừ thu gọn, hầu hết bao hàm dạng gọi lướt một nguyên âm (được sửa chữa bằng mộtdấu nháy đơnở dạng viết), nhưI”mđối với “I am”, và nhiều khi là cả những thay chuyển đổi nữa, nhưwon”tđối với “will not”. Những từ viết tắt này được sử dụng phổ cập trong văn nói và văn viết không trang trọng, tuy nhiên có xu hướng tránh sử dụng trong văn viết long trọng hơn.
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you”ve | you have |
you”re | you are |
you”ll | you shall / you will |
you”d”ve | you would have |
you”d | you had / you would |
y”all”d”ve | you all should have / you all could have / you all would have |
y”all | you all |
wouldn”t”ve | would not have |
wouldn”t | would not |
would”ve | would have |
won”t | will not |
why”s | why has / why is |
why”re | why are |
why”ll | why will |
who”ve | who have |
who”s | who has / who is |
who”re | who are |
who”ll | who shall / who will |
who”d”ve | who would have |
who”d | who would / who had |
where”ve | where have |
where”s | where has / where is |
where”d | where did |
when”s | when has / when is |
what”ve | what have |
what”s | what has / what is / what does |
what”re | what are |
what”ll | what shall / what will |
weren”t | were not |
we”ve | we have |
we”re | we are |
we”ll | we will |
we”d”ve | we would have |
we”d | we had / we would |
wasn”t | was not |
they”ve | they have |
they”re | they are |
they”ll | they shall / they will |
they”d”ve | they would have |
they”d | they had / they would |
there”s | there has / there is |
there”re | there are |
there”d”ve | there would have |
there”d | there had / there would |
that”s | that has / that is |
that”ll | that will |
shouldn”t”ve | should not have |
shouldn”t | should not |
should”ve | should have |
she”s | she has / she is |
she”ll | she shall / she will |
she”d”ve | she would have |
she”d | she had / she would |
shan”t | shall not |
oughtn”t | ought not |
o”clock | of the clock |
not”ve | not have |
needn”t | need not |
mustn”t | must not |
must”ve | must have |
mightn”t”ve | might not have |
mightn”t | might not |
might”ve | might have |
ma”am | madam |
let”s | let us |
it”s | it has / it is |
it”ll | it shall / it will |
it”d”ve | it would have |
it”d | it had / it would |
isn”t | is not |
I”ve | I have |
I”m | I am |
I”ll | I shall / I will |
I”d”ve | I would have |
I”d | I had / I would |
how”s | how has / how is / how does |
how”ll | how will |
how”d | how did / how would |
he”s | he has / he is |
he”ll | he shall / he will |
he”d”ve | he would have |
he”d | he had / he would |
haven”t | have not |
hasn”t | has not |
hadn”t”ve | had not have |
hadn”t | had not |
don”t | do not |
doesn”t | does not |
didn”t | did not |
couldn”t”ve | could not have |
couldn”t | could not |
could”ve | could have |
can”t | cannot |
aren”t | are not |
ain”t | am not |
“ow”s”at | how is that |